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Not to be confused with the cheerleaders, the Bumblebees.

Bumblebee, real name Karen Beecher, is a member of the Team. She is a former student of Happy Harbor High School, where she was a classmate of Superboy and Miss Martian. She is romantically involved with Mal Duncan.

Personality

A team player, Karen is a clear-minded and focused young woman who looks out for her teammates and tries to see through the daily missions. She's not above making jokes and quips at times. Outside of her superhero life, Karen prioritizes her college studies, even at the expense of spending time with her boyfriend, Mal.

Physical appearance

Karen Beecher

Karen in high school.

Karen is a young African American girl. She used to have tight curly black hair, parted in the middle, and pulled up in two round, gathered, distinct bunches on either side of her head,[5] but by 2016 she sports a pixie hair cut with a sweep bang and a shapely yet toned figure.[4] While attending Happy Harbor High School, she wore the uniform of the Bumblebees.[5]

As Bumblebee, she wears a form fitting black and yellow costume that resembles a bumblebee.

History

2010

 
Happy Harbor
September 7, 07:58 EDT

Although she was dating Mal Duncan, Karen indicated that she found Conner Kent attractive too.[5]

Bumblebee Halloween costume

Karen in her Bumblebee Halloween costume.

 
Mount Justice
October 16, post-16:01 EDT

During the Team's "alien invasion" training scenario, Karen, along with the rest of the students and faculty hid below the school's underground bunker and watched the Team's speech about how they would win and build from what they've lost, after the Justice League had been killed.[6]

 
Happy Harbor
October 31, 20:15 EDT

Karen went to the school's Halloween party dressed as a bumblebee.[7]

 
Happy Harbor
November 5, 20:19 EDT

When all adults had gone missing, Karen came to the high school gym to watch the younger children.[8]

2011-2015

Karen became the lab assistant and protégé of Ray Palmer, the Atom.[9] She took the name "Bumblebee", and joined the Team. In the five years, she sustained her relationship with Mal, though she had considerably less time for him.[4]

2015

 
Mount Justice
February 16, 21:31 EST

Lagoon Boy and Bumblebee were on special assignment, so they were unavailable to investigate the disappearance of Helena Sandsmark.[10]

 
Mount Justice
December 1, 08:55 EST

Bumblebee was already suited up for the mission briefing when Rocket and Zatanna arrived to wish Nightwing a happy birthday. Karen would not let Rocket leave without seeing the latest pictures of Amistad.[11]

Bumblebee ready

Bumblebee standing ready.

 
Metropolis
December 1, 09:48 EST

Karen was part of Beta Squad, covertly securing a rally held by Noor Harjavti.[11]

 
Metropolis
December 1, 10:29 EST

After Superboy, Superman and Devastation disappeared, M'gann contacted the Cave. Barbara and Karen stood by.[12]

 
Metropolis
December 1, 10:30 EST

Nightwing ordered Miss Martian and Lagoon Boy to split off from Beta Squad and head to the Moon. Batgirl was given command of Beta.[12]

 
Metropolis
December 1, 10:35 EST

Batgirl convened with Bumblebee about their mission. Karen felt that, without their big guns, they were shorthanded, but Barbara disagreed, as with Devastation missing, their biggest threat was gone too. Right at that moment, a large spaceship descended over the city.

The ship created a bubble that trapped part of Metropolis. Karen tried contacting the Cave, but the communication was cut off.[12]

Karen uncovers the sphere

Karen realizes that Metropolis is actually trapped inside a sphere.

 
Metropolis
December 1, 10:45 EST

Batgirl contacted Black Lightning, who was also trapped under the bubble in nearby Suicide Slum. They concluded that all communications and Zeta capabilities were offline. Karen dug in the ground at the edge of the dome, and saw it continued under the ground.

Fearing all this might be a distraction to harm Noor Harjavti, Barbara ordered Karen and Gar to suit up and make contact with her. Karen lamented that she lost many cute outfits with her quick costume change.[12]

Bumblebee and Beast Boy keep watch

Bumblebee and Beast Boy watch over Noor Harjavti at Bibbo's Diner.

 
Metropolis
December 1, 14:01 EST

Beast Boy and Bumblebee had taken Noor and her bodyguard to Bibbo's Diner for protection. Gar was uncertain why they chose the diner as a safehouse, but Karen explained that Bibbo could be trusted and that it was unlikely anyone would look for them there.[13]

 
Bibbo's Diner
December 1, 16:56 EST

Bumblebee and Beast Boy continued to watch over Noor at Bibbo's.[14]

 
Bibbo's Diner
December 1, 17:54 EST

After Black Lightning asked them to attack the probe likely generating the force field, Karen convinced Gar they had to focus on the big picture and leave Noor, and the pair flew away from the diner.[14]

 
Metropolis
December 1, 18:16 EST

Beast Boy and Bumblebee descended to the probe. Beast Boy was still uncomfortable with leaving Noor Harjavti, but Bumblebee reminded him that she was safe from Queen Bee.[15]

 
Metropolis
December 1, 18:31 EST

They reached the probe. Beast Boy changed into a cockroach and went in after Bumblebee.[15]

Bumblebee and Beast Boy inside the probe

Inside the probe with Beast Boy, Bumblebee informs Batgirl they figured out a way to shut down the force field.

 
Metropolis
December 1, 18:33 EST

Bumblebee contacted Batgirl, informing her they had figured out a way to shut the force field down. Batgirl gave them the go-ahead.[16]

 
Metropolis
December 1, 19:03 EST

The plan worked, and the force field receded. However, almost directly after, Bumblebee was contacted by the others, who explained the field had to be reactivated so the city could be restored to its normal size.[16]

 
Metropolis
December 1, 22:03 EST

With everything back to normal, Beast Boy rushed to Bibbo's Diner, with Bumblebee in tow. He was releaved that Noor was apparently okay.[16]

2016

 
Gotham City
January 1, 16:16 EST

She arrived in the sewers with the rest of Delta Squad after Clayface was defeated.[4]

 
Mount Justice
January 1, 18:18 EST

In the headquarters, she hurried to Doctor Palmer's lab. She had to give Mal a rain check on their date.[4]

 
Mount Justice
January 4, 20:00 EST

Bumblebee was assigned to Beta Squad with Batgirl and Wolf, and sent to Vlatavastok to track and capture remaining Kroloteans.[4]

 
Vlatavastok
January 5, 05:57 EET

They arrived in Vlatavastok, but their targets got away.[4]

 
New Orleans
January 4, post-21:59 EET

After the Gamma Squad (Robin, Blue Beetle and Lagoon Boy) saved the abductees from the Kroloteans, Bumblebee arrived with the rest of the Team in the Super-Cycle.[4]

 
Metropolis
January 5, 17:09 EST

Disguised in civilian clothes, Karen and Jaime arrived at Bibbo's Diner, to apprehend a Krolotean masquerading as Bibbo Bibbowski. The creature recognized them, and after a lengthy chase, escaped.[17]

 
Qurac
February 19, 19:06 UTC+2

Bumblebee was part of Alpha Squad for a reconnaissance mission to Bialya. She kept to the side during Nightwing's briefing on their way there.[18]

 
Bialya
February 20, 00:12 UTC+2

After they found several bases deserted, they discovered one with heavy security. Bumblebee was sent to investigate one, but after an alarm went off, she became trapped inside.

She eventually found Batgirl, and the two of them investigated a deeper chamber. They found a number of children, sedated and trapped in special containers. Batgirl was captured, but Bumblebee managed to elude her enemies' view. She made her way to the others, who had regrouped at the rendezvous point. She told them of Batgirl's predicament, but had a plan to get them out.

File:Bumblebee zaps Batgirl.png

Bumblebee tries to wake Batgirl.

While Wonder Girl posted at the hangar door and Miss Martian locked the facility down, Bumblebee freed Batgirl, and told her to fly a plane that was ready for take-off out. She slowed down Mammoth with her stingers, and helped out Miss Martian who was locked in a fight with Psimon. At close range, she shot a blast at Psimon's brains.

Bumblebee blasts Psimon

Bumblebee blasts Psimon.

After Mammoth had managed to cripple the plane, Bumblebee and the others raced after it. Wonder Girl and Miss Martian could not stop it from going over the cliff at the end of the runway, so Miss Martian had to call in help from the Bio-Ship. It saved the fuselage, and all made it to safety.[18]

 
Mount Justice
February 20, 03:24 EST

After the debriefing, Bumblebee and the others congratulated Wonder Girl on the successful mission.[18]

 
Mount Justice
March 20, 03:58 EDT

Karen was one of the Team members, past and present, who had come to mourn after they had been told of the death of Artemis. She found comfort in the arms of Mal.[19]

Bridal shower

Karen attends Raquel's bridal shower.

 
Dakota City
March 21, 18:17 CDT

Karen attended Raquel Ervin's bridal shower with all the other female members of the Justice League and the Team. After the party was interrupted by an armored car robbery by Captain Cold, Bumblebee assisted in his defeat.[20]

Mal is bored

Karen neglects Mal.

 
Ivy Town
March 23, 20:20 EDT

Karen was reading a book while heading to Ray Palmer's lab, until she was approached by her boyfriend, Mal Duncan. The latter suggested to go out, like the old times in high school, however Karen rejected the offer. Mal then accompanied her to Palmer's lab.

In Palmer's lab, Karen was looking through the microscope, until Mal suggested that they should go to the Happy Harbor Bowl-O-Rama. Karen informed him that it closed several months ago. Ray Palmer entered the lab, after he greeted Mal, Karen showed Palmer what she was studying and that she has already prepared to test it against the white dwarf fragment. Unknown to her, Mal left the room.[9]

Bumblebee and Robin

Bumblebee and Robin prepare to infiltrate the group of Reach abductees.

 
Star City
March 30, 21:57 PDT

Alpha Squad, consisting of Barbara, Tim and Bumblebee, observed Tigress and a squad of Manta Troopers as they prepared to put some teenagers, held in a pen, into containment pods. Tim and Barbara quietly jumped into the pen, assuring the captives they were there to help. One girl was uncertain they could be trusted, until she saw Bumblebee fly into Tim's jacket. The captives were placed into pods and Tigress ordered the Manta Troopers to load them aboard the Manta-Flyer.

By allowing themselves to be captured, Tim, Barbara and Bumblebee could inform the others about the inside of the base. They were moved to a research wing, where they had been left unattended. At Nightwing's orders, they freed the prisoners the found there.

Bumblebee leads the abductees

Bumblebee leads the abductees to freedom.

Bumblebee lead the captives to the docking bay, while Tim and Barbara held off Reach sentries. A strong Reach enforcer, dubbed "Black Beetle" by Wonder Girl, arrived and locked the bay, leaving her with Barbara, Tim, Superboy, Wonder Girl, Shimmer and one of the abducted teens. The Team members were unsuccessful in fighting Black Beetle; Bumblebee was knocked out by his sonic cannon. Batgirl carried her to the Bio-Ship, where Nightwing took her in.

When only Batgirl was left on her feet against the Black Beetle, Blue Beetle arrived and opened the bay doors. Barbara, Beast Boy and Impulse got everyone else aboard. Blue Beetle held off the Reach enforcer.

The Team made a clean getaway after Lagoon Boy picked up Blue Beetle, and returned to the coast.[21]

Bumblebee stings Despero

Before being rendered catatonic, Bumblebee lands a stinger on Despero's third eye.

 
Washington, D.C.
April 1, 21:24 EDT

In the Hall of Justice, Bumblebee helped Mal unpack his belongings that were salvaged from Mount Justice. Mal aked Karen if he could stay at her place, but she did not think it was a good idea. Her room in Ivy Town was small even for her, she was too busy with her studies, and she wasn't sure if she was allowed to have guests over. The conversation was cut short by alarms and the arrival of L-Ron and Despero.

Zatanna and Captain Marvel went out to investigate, with Superboy and Bumblebee close behind. But when she reached the hot spot, she noticed Zatanna was stuck in some sort of trance. She tried to wake her by blasting her stingers at her, but to no avail. She also could not pass through the force field that was put up around the building.

She returned inside, where she informed Mal and M'gann of the trouble. She urged for Miss Martian to join the fight. After Captain Marvel was taken out as well, Despero focused on Superboy. Miss Martian and Bumblebee pursued the two as they tore through the building. In the library, Despero had Superboy beat. Bumblebee urged Miss Martian to use her telepathy, but she wouldn't. Out of options, she decided to attack Despero herself.

Bumblebee catatonic

Bumblebee lays catatonic in Miss Martian's hands.

Her stingers had no effect on the alien warrior, and he used his third eye on her to render her in a catatonic state. Her last shot, however, hit him straight in the third eye. Bumblebee fell next to Superboy and was about to be crushed under Despero's foot, but Mal drew their attention. While Mal fought Despero in the Guardian suit, M'gann carried Bumblebee to safety.

The fight moved to the interrogation chambers. M'gann used her power to wake Zatanna, which also woke the others. Zatanna turned Despero's powers against him and he could be defeated, but L-Ron did not accept it. He activated a self-destruct mechanism. Captain Marvel could bring them all to safety, though the Hall collapsed. Coming to, the first thing Bumblebee noticed was Mal's costume. She inquired why he wore it, which got her a dirty look from her boyfriend.[22]

The Scarab's defense systems attack

Bumblebee and Atom are attacked by the Scarab's defense systems.

 
Ivy Town
April 7, 23:24 EDT

Atom and Bumblebee tried to get Jaime's scarab off his spine by going inside his body. Atom used a laser to try and cut the scarab open, but the scarab deployed defenses. Bumblebee tried to hold them off, but they were too many. They had to be extracted from the body.[23]

 
Ivy Town
May 24, 21:38 EDT

Mal and Karen went for a walk in the university grounds. Mal was happy to finally spend some time with Karen, but she was distracted by the second moon in the sky.[24]

 
The Warworld
May 26, post-12:00 UTC

The Team set up a plan to infiltrate the Warworld. Bumblebee, Guardian and Sphere were Gamma Squad, who would attempt to shut down the ship's power core. They were attacked en route by battle drones, and Mal took the opportunity to vent his frustration with Karen over the state of their relationship.[24]

Bumblebee at the Warworld

Bumblebee redirects the Warworld power core.

 
The Warworld
May 26, post-12:40 UTC

Gamma reached the power core room. With the Super-Cycle fending off the approaching battle drones, Mal continued to bait Bumblebee, until she entered the core itself, and he quietly wished her luck. When it became clear she couldn't deactivate the core, Guardian suggested routing the power somewhere useful. She sent it to the helm, overloading Mongul's control device.

Gamma reconvened with the rest of the Team at their entry point. After celebrating their victory, Guardian congratulated Bumblebee on saving the day, and admitted she had outgrown him. Karen told him she had been an idiot for taking him for granted and they kissed, only to be interrupted by the arrival of Alpha Squad. Blue Beetle then attacked the rest of the Team. Mal pushed Karen out of the way of his first sonic attack, but they were still hit and knocked out.[24] She was stored in a stasis cell aboard the vessel.[25]

 
The Warworld
May 27 06:36, UTC Time Zone

Bumblebee was still locked in a stasis cell.[25]

Bumblebee and Arsenal

Bumblebee calls Arsenal out on his recklessness.

 
The Warworld
May 30, 03:36 UTC

Once freed from her cell by Arsenal, Tye Longshadow, Ed Dorado and Asami Koizumi, Bumblebee retreated to the Bio-Ship with the rest of the Team. Before she entered, she informed Nightwing how Arsenal had endangered them all by opening an airlock. Nightwing fired him from the Team, leading to the other runaways to refuse to go with the Team. Bumblebee and Nightwing were surprised when Asami activated a Father Box to open a boom tube.[25]

 
Bialya
June 14, 05:19 UTC+2

Bumblebee was part of the Team's mission to cleanse Blue Beetle of Reach control. She returned to the underground Temple that she and Batgirl discovered months ago, and hid along with Beast Boy until they were needed. She revealed herself when Green Beetle arrived at the Temple, unshrinking and loosing precision stinger shots at Green Beetle's eyes. This bought sufficient time for Zatanna to complete her incantation, and successfully cleanse both Blue and Green Beetle. After their successful mission, Bumblebee hitched a ride on the returning Super-Cycle as it flew back to Bludhaven.

 
Santa Prisca
June 19, 00:00 ECT

Along with Superboy and Guardian, Bumblebee shadowed the Light-Reach summit held in an underground cavern. After Aqualad's betrayal was discovered, the Team sprung their trap, and Karen's squad sealed off the entrance used by the Reach. During the ensuing fight, Bumblebee kept Reach soldiers at bay by blasting their eyes and the base of their skulls with her stingers. The battle ended with the heroes victorious, with the capture of the Reach ambassador, Black Manta, the Brain, and Monsieur Mallah.[26]

 
New York City
June 20, 06:16 EDT

Along with Robin, Batgirl, Wonder Girl, and Guardian, Bumblebee infest the science lab of the Reach flagship. The squad dispatches the Reach soldiers and scientists present with ease.[27]

 
Metropolis
June 20, 08:16 EDT

When magnetic field disruptors planted by the Reach threatened the Earth, Bumblebee joined 39 other heroes of Earth in a briefing in Metropolis. The heroes would use a computer virus provided by Lex Luthor to safely disable the disruptors. The heroes were paired off with another into twenty squads: one member would run interference against weapons guarding the disruptors, allowing the other to get close enough to plant the virus.[27] Bumblebee was assigned to Kappa Squad, and worked alongside Guardian.[28]

Within thirty minutes, all squads had succeeded in their mission.[27]

 
Mount Justice
June 20, 23:16 EDT

In the ruins of Mount Justice, Bumblebee joined the Team in welcoming the Justice League back to Earth.[27]

 
The Watchtower
July 4, 21:16 EDT

Aqualad summoned everyone to the mission room, where Batman informed the Team that they would now operate side-by-side with the Justice League from the Watchtower. Not because Mount Justice was destroyed, but because they earned the right to do so. Aqualad assigned Bumblebee to Beta Squad to investigate LexCorp's reuse of the Reach soft drink under a new name, and instructed them to gather evidence.[27]

Equipment

Bumblebee attacks

Bumblebee using her suit's main abilities: flight, size alteration and stingers.

Bumblebee derives her powers from her suit, which was created with help from the Atom.[29]

  • Flight: Bumblebee can fly with four wings, resembling an insect's forewings and hindwings, that extend from the back of her costume. These wings only work when she shrinks herself.[4]
  • Holographic computer: Bumblebee has a holographic computer similar to that used by Batman's protégés built into the gloves of her suit.[24]
  • Size alteration: Bumblebee has the ability to shrink herself.[4] Though hypothetically, it can range in size, Atom has included safety locks so that she can only change into one size.[29]
  • Stingers: Bumblebee can shoot small blasts from the palms of her gloves.[17]

Appearances

    Background in other media

    • In the comics, Bumblebee was a member of the Teen Titans and the Doom Patrol. She eventually married Mal Duncan.
    • Young Justice marks Karen's second animated appearance. She previously appeared as a supporting character in the Teen Titans animated series, where under the identity of Bumblebee she served as leader of the Titans East.

    References

    1. 1.0 1.1 Characters. Cartoon Network. Retrieved 2012-04-30.
    2. Weisman, Greg (2012-02-02). Question #14114. Ask Greg. Retrieved 2012-02-03.
    3. Weisman, Greg (2012-09-18). Question #15899. Ask Greg. Retrieved 2012-09-20.
    4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 Weisman, Greg (writer) & Divar, Tim (director) (April 28, 2012). "Happy New Year". Young Justice. Season 2. Episode 1. Cartoon Network.
    5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 Robinson, Andrew (writer) & Berkeley, Christopher (director) (September 16, 2011). "Targets". Young Justice. Season 1. Episode 10. Cartoon Network.
    6. Dubuc, Nicole (writer) & Oliva, Jay (director) (November 4, 2011). "Failsafe". Young Justice. Season 1. Episode 16. Cartoon Network.
    7. David, Peter (writer) & Oliva, Jay (director) (November 18, 2011). "Secrets". Young Justice. Season 1. Episode 18. Cartoon Network.
    8. Weisman, Greg (writer) & Chang, Michael (director) (March 3, 2012). "Misplaced". Young Justice. Season 1. Episode 19. Cartoon Network.
    9. 9.0 9.1 Weisman, Jon (writer) & Zwyer, Mel (director) (October 6, 2012). "Darkest". Young Justice. Season 2. Episode 9. Cartoon Network. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "e209" defined multiple times with different content
    10. Scott, Sharon, Brandon Vietti, Greg Weisman (writers), Young Justice: Legacy (November 19, 2013): Greece. Santa Ana, CA: Little Orbit
    11. 11.0 11.1 Weisman, Greg (w). Jones, Christopher (a). Atkinson, Zac (col). Sienty, Dezi (let). Gaydos, Sarah (ed). "Players, Chapter One: Wheelbarrow, Shoe, Thimble" Young Justice 20 (September 19, 2012), New York, NY: DC Comics
    12. 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Weisman, Greg (w). Jones, Christopher (a). Atkinson, Zac (col). Sienty, Dezi (let). Gaydos, Sarah (ed). "Players, Chapter Two: Directly to Jail" Young Justice 21 (October 17, 2012), New York, NY: DC Comics
    13. Weisman, Greg (w). Jones, Christopher (a). Atkinson, Zac (col). Abbott, Wes (let). Gaydos, Sarah (ed). "Players, Chapter Three: Landing on Boardwalk" Young Justice 22 (November 20, 2012), New York, NY: DC Comics
    14. 14.0 14.1 Weisman, Greg (w). Jones, Christopher (a). Atkinson, Zac (col). Abbott, Wes (let). Gaydos, Sarah (ed). "Players, Chapter Four: Do Not Pass Go" Young Justice 23 (December 19, 2012), New York, NY: DC Comics
    15. 15.0 15.1 Weisman, Greg (w). Jones, Christopher (a). Atkinson, Zac (col). Abbott, Wes (let). Gaydos, Sarah (ed). "Players, Chapter Five: Milburn, Edgar and Jake" Young Justice 24 (January 23, 2013), New York, NY: DC Comics
    16. 16.0 16.1 16.2 Weisman, Greg (w). Jones, Christopher (a). Atkinson, Zac (col). Abbott, Wes (let). Gaydos, Sarah (ed). "Players, Chapter Six: Rolling Doubles" Young Justice 25 (February 20, 2013), New York, NY: DC Comics
    17. 17.0 17.1 Hopps, Kevin (writer) & Zwyer, Mel (director) (May 12, 2012). "Alienated". Young Justice. Season 2. Episode 3. Cartoon Network.
    18. 18.0 18.1 18.2 Vietti, Brandon (writer) & Murphy, Doug (director) (May 26, 2012). "Beneath". Young Justice. Season 2. Episode 5. Cartoon Network.
    19. Hopps, Kevin, Giacoppo, Paul (writers) & Divar, Tim (director) (June 9, 2012). "Depths". Young Justice. Season 2. Episode 7. Cartoon Network.
    20. Weisman, Greg (writer) & Murphy, Doug (director) (September 29, 2012). "Satisfaction". Young Justice. Season 2. Episode 8. Cartoon Network.
    21. Hopps, Kevin (writer) & Divar, Tim (director) (Originally released on iTunes on October 14, 2012, broadcast on January 5, 2013). "Before the Dawn". Young Justice. Season 2. Episode 10. Cartoon Network.
    22. Dubuc, Nicole (writer) & Murphy, Doug (director) (January 12, 2013). "Cornered". Young Justice. Season 2. Episode 11. Cartoon Network.
    23. Giacoppo, Paul (writer) & Zwyer, Mel (director) (January 19, 2013). "True Colors". Young Justice. Season 2. Episode 12. Cartoon Network.
    24. 24.0 24.1 24.2 24.3 Weisman, Jon (writer) & Zwyer, Mel (director) (February 9, 2013). "War". Young Justice. Season 2. Episode 15. Cartoon Network.
    25. 25.0 25.1 25.2 Vietti, Brandon (writer) & Murphy, Doug (director) (February 23, 2013). "The Hunt". Young Justice. Season 2. Episode 17. Cartoon Network.
    26. Weisman, Greg (writer) & Divar, Tim (director) (March 9, 2013). "Summit". Young Justice. Season 2. Episode 19. Cartoon Network.
    27. 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 27.4 Hopps, Kevin (writer) & Murphy, Doug (director) (March 16, 2013). "Endgame". Young Justice. Season 2. Episode 20. Cartoon Network.
    28. Weisman, Greg (2013-03-18). YOUNG JUSTICE: INVASION: "Endgame": stuff cut for time. Ask Greg. Retrieved 2013-03-19.
    29. 29.0 29.1 Weisman, Greg (2012-11-07). Question #16817. Ask Greg. Retrieved 2012-11-07.
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